Short Term Memory

 

         

         Short-term memory can store a small amount of information in the mind and keep it readily available for a short period. Short-term memory is essential for daily functioning. Short-term memory exists for a very brief moment. When information is transferred to short-term memories from sensory memories that are not rehearsed or actively maintained, they last mere seconds. Short-term memory is limited and can only hold seven items at once, most of the information kept in short-term memory will be stored for approximately 20 to 30 seconds, or even less. Some information can last in short-term memory for up to a minute, but most information spontaneously decays quite quickly, unless rehearsal strategies are used such as saying the information aloud or mentally repeating it. However, the information in short-term memory is also highly susceptible to interference. Any new information that enters short-term memory will quickly displace old information. Similar items in the environment can also interfere with short-term memories. This is why you can find it difficult to remember something you were told when you are in a noisy environment and also the same reason you struggle to remember things when you are trying to remember more than one single detail.

    In 1956, in an influential paper titled "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two," psychologist George Miller suggested that people can store between five and nine items in short-term memory. More recent research suggests that people are capable of storing approximately four chunks or pieces of information in short-term memory. 

 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHORT-TERM    MEMORY AND WORKING MEMORY

     Researchers have agreed that working memory and short-term memory significantly overlap, and may even be the same thing. The distinction is that working memory refers to the ability to use, manipulate, and apply memory for a while (for example, recalling a set of as you complete a task), while short-term memory refers only to the temporary storage of information in memory, in sensory Memory there is no storage whilst in short-term memory there is storage. The Baddeley-Hitch model of working memory suggests that there are two components of working memory: a place where visual and spatial information are recorded (visuospatial scratchpad), and a place where auditory information are recorded (phonological loop). In addition, the model suggests there is a "central executive" that controls and mediates these two components as well as processes information, directs attention, sets goals, and makes decisions.

Sensory Memory II

 

 Hi everyone, welcome to today's episode!

One of my main goal is to communicate psychological knowledge in the simplest and most basic one understandable to a lame man. But based on a request I will be saying some deep things today. So stay with me as I promise you an easy and interesting read. Last week I spoke on types of sensory memory and today I will be explaining more on the ones I have spoken on and also state and explain more types.

Examples of Iconic memory: When you flip a light switch, the brief image in your memory that remains of what you saw before you turned off the lights is an iconic memory.‌ The Iconic memory is the one that is connected to your sight. imagine that you’re riding in a car and see cows grazing in a field. After you pass the field, the short memory that remains of the cows is an iconic memory. If you pass a row of businesses on a road, your short memory of which businesses were there and what their signs looked like is also an iconic memory.

Examples of Echoic Memory: The ability to listen to a song and recognize it involves echoic memory. Your echoic memory records each note and helps your brain connect the tones, allowing you to recognize it as a song. The echoic memory is the memory that is connected to your sense of hearing.

Examples of Haptic Memory: This type of memory is related to your sense of touch. It can include sensations like pressure, pain, itching, or something that feels good. Haptic memory allows you to identify things you’re touching.‌ Anything that uses the sensation of touch also uses your haptic memory. For example, when you feel a raindrop on your skin, your haptic memory records that sensation, helping you recognize what‘s happening.

                            More types of Sensory memory

Olfactory memory. This is associated with smell. Once you take in a smell, it travels quickly to the parts of the brain that help form long-term memories. Olfactory memory helps you identify tastes because molecules from the food you chew go into your nose. Without smell, you would only be able to taste basic flavors like sweetness.‌Olfactory memory examples. Your olfactory memory plays a role in taste, but it can also conjure up old memories and emotions. For example, when you smell something from your childhood, it helps your brain bring up other memories associated with that smell. This sense can also convey emotions. When you smell a candle and it reminds you of a peaceful feeling, your olfactory memory is at play.

Gustatory memory. Associated with taste, gustatory memory has a close relationship with olfactory memory. It helps you identify foods through the five basic flavors your tongue identifies through the gustatory receptor cells:

Salty

Sweet

Bitter

Umami

Sour

 For example, if you eat something that once made you sick to your stomach, you may have nausea the next time you eat that food. This is an evolutionary advantage that helps you avoid poisonous foods by remembering things that may be harmful.

Sensory Memory

 

Hello everyone and welcome back!

      Today I will be writing on the three types of memory and I will be starting from the sensory memory.

 Sensory Memory

The sensory memory is otherwise known as the human working memory, the memory in action. This part of the human memory is always active. The sensory Memory is connected to the human senses and responsible for the perception of information. The sensory Memory is a detailed yet brief memory that allows individuals retain impressions in their original forms, aside that the sensory Memory retains information in it's original form, it also retains tremendous amount of information. In every moment of one's life, the human senses are actively involved in perceptions, feelings, smelling and hearings through the various sense organs, whilst this informations are important there is still no possible way to remember each of it and how it was experienced. So what the sensory Memory does is to take the information in details, loose it in a matter of second but takes a snapshot (important details) and allow you to pay attention to it until it gets transferred into the next stage of memory which is the short term memory. Impulses received through sensory memory lasts for just 3 seconds or even less. Sensory Memory has different types because of it's uniqueness in receiving informations from different sources. The 3 types are;

Iconic memory: Also known as visual sensory memory, iconic memory involves a very brief image. This type of sensory memory typically lasts for about one-quarter to one-half of a second.

Echoic memory: Also known as auditory sensory memory, echoic memeory involves a very brief memory of sound a bit like an echo. This type of sensory memory can last for up to three to four seconds.

Haptic memory: Also known as tactile memory, haptic involves the very brief memory of a touch. This type of sensory memory lasts for approximately two seconds.